Colombian Emeralds
Emeralds play a significant role in Colombia’s economy, as the country not only produces the most coveted emeralds on the market but also exceeds the production of any other nation. With three mines in the Colombian Andes, Colombia contributes approximately 90% of the emerald market.
These mines—Muzo, Chivor, and Coscuez—each have unique characteristics. Muzo is the oldest and most renowned mine, while Chivor yields more valuable bluish emeralds. Coscuez can produce various types of emeralds, with differing properties.
Colombian mines also produce a unique type of emerald known as the “trapiche” emerald. This emerald features the pattern of a six-spoked grinding wheel and is found in very few other countries besides Colombia. However, it is not highly valuable, as it is sought more by collectors than by jewelry craftsmen.
Colombian folklore suggests that emeralds originated from two immortal beings created by the Muisca god, Are. These beings, Fura and Tena, were tasked with populating the Earth and were told they could only maintain their eternal youth if they remained faithful to each other. However, Fura was unfaithful, causing both beings to age rapidly and eventually die. Are, feeling pity for them, created two mountains to bury them deep, protecting them from storms and serpents. In these mountains, Fura’s tears gradually transformed into emeralds. Today, the peaks of Fura and Tena stand as the “guardians” of Colombia’s emeralds, situated about 30 kilometers north of the Colombian emerald mine Muzo.